Lord Tarin wrote: I use two basic types of outlining. The first entails writing down notes about the series I'm planning: what happens in book 1, book 2, etc; the main subplots; the necessary elements of the main plot and how to work them out. It's mostly done as random thoughts occur, so I'm always adding and rethinking how things work.
Then for each individual book, I take a different approach. I make a list of the chapters (supposed number), and then start writing down the scenes and main events for each one. I then put all the scenes I've come up with into the various chapters depending on what I want to occur when. Having all the chapters in a column helps me see the big snapshot of what the book will be like, where the story changes to a different setting and POV, which chapters I can use for suspense by shifting somehwere else, and so forth.
That's quite similar to the process I have been and am planning to use, but a little more ... forced, I suppose, at the top level. As I mentioned in the "Creating History" thread, I have an "Outline of History." Soon after I got that and put it into outline form, I came up with tentative book titles and divided the events on the outline into books. Then I started dividing each book's events into "sequences," which I plan to divide into scenes (and the scenes into actions, if I need to make the outline that detailed). I don't think I could do chapter-by-chapter outlines because I prefer my chapters to be of fairly uniform length (a habit I got from when I was trying to write 2000 words a day in middle and high school---adding up words is a lot easier if the subtotals are round numbers), but I'm never sure how long a scene is going to turn out to be. I'm also figuring out who I want to assign POV to and putting that on the sequence-by-sequence outline.
Lord Tarin wrote: Beyond that, as I write my book, I'll add notes and phrases I don't want to forget to the outline, where they'll be handy when I need them.
(Pretty much every book about writing I've read has advised aspiring authors to make their "favorite lines"---phrases that you "couldn't bear to cut"----the first things cut in revision, so making sure to remember them before writing them down might be a trifle counter-productive.)
Lord Tarin wrote: I also create a list of possible chapter titles, since those aren't a strong point of mine.
I just use "Chapter One", "Chapter Two", etc., or "One", "Two", etc., or in one case "Chapter the First", "Chapter the Second", etc. No chapter names required 
Lord Tarin wrote: I didn't write outlines for my first couple books, but when I tried it the first time, I was converted. It's necessary to organize your jumbled thoughts and have a visual map of how everything works.
The one lengthy draft I wrote without any outline (which, on the other hand, is the only piece of fiction of that length I've ever written, I think) died about 50,000 words in when I realized that my protagonist was too-obviously invincible, so there was really no dramatic tension. (More about that in the "Your Novel's Identity" thread in a few minutes, I hope.) Since then I've produced quite a few outlines, but not much prose following (or even trying to follow) them yet ...
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), but nothing actually about how one writes an outline.
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